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Ocular hypertension. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 1][ 2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [ 3][ 4] Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk ...
Other procedures include implantable collamer lens (ICL) inside the anterior chamber in front of the natural eye lens. ICL doesn't affect the cornea. [1] [18] Myopia is the most common eye problem and is estimated to affect 1.5 billion people (22% of the world population). [2] [4] Rates vary significantly in different areas of the world. [2]
e. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [ 11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [ 1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral ...
Hypertensive encephalopathy ( HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [ 3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [ 1] Onset is generally sudden. [ 1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye ...
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH ), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
Microvascular disease affects the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. [25] Damage to the retina, known as diabetic retinopathy, is the most common cause of blindness in people of working age. [20] The eyes can also be affected in other ways, including development of cataract and glaucoma. [20]
The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as either essential (also known as primary or idiopathic) or secondary. About 90–95% of hypertension is essential ...
Pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is part of the paraganglioma (PGL) family of tumors, being defined as an intra-adrenal PGL . [2] [4] [5] These neuroendocrine tumors can be sympathetic, where they release catecholamines into the bloodstream which cause the most common ...