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Viking coinage was used during the Viking Age of northern Europe.Prior to the usage and minting of coins, the Viking economy was predominantly a bullion economy, where the weight and size of a particular metal is used as a method of evaluating value, as opposed to the value being determined by the specific type of coin.
The Vikings developed several trading centres both in Scandinavia and abroad as well as a series of long-distance trading routes during the Viking Age (c. 8th Century AD to 11th Century AD). Viking trading centres and trade routes would bring tremendous wealth and plenty of exotic goods such as Arab coins, Chinese silks, and Indian Gems.
Norwegian penning minted of Olaf Tryggvason (995-1000) [1] The penning was the dominant currency of the Norwegian coin system in the period 995–1387. [1]Minted in Norway by the kings of Norway from Olaf Tryggvason (995-1000) and up to Olaf Haakonsson (1380-1387), it remained as a unit of account in the kingdom until 1513.
The mixed Viking Cuerdale Hoard, deposited in England before c. 910, also contains 8,600 coins, as well as these ingots and pieces of jewellery and plate. Hacksilver from the medieval period, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, Hamburg, Germany. Viking age settlement, eighth to eleventh centuries; trade and raid routes are marked green.
The Silverdale Hoard is a collection of over 200 pieces of silver jewellery and coins discovered near Silverdale, Lancashire, England, in September 2011. [1] The items were deposited together in and under a lead container buried about 16 inches (41 cm) underground which was found in a field by a metal detectorist .
The hoard is made up of silver – 186 coins (some fragmentary), 15 ingots and 7 pieces of jewellery, including arm-rings – and a scrap of gold. [1] It was buried after Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by Guthrum in 878, forcing the Danes to retreat north. [2]
The Ashdon Hoard is a hoard of Viking Age coins. [1] It was found in the parish of Ashdon in Essex and has been dated to c.895, providing the latest evidence for a bullion economy in East Anglia. [2] The hoard consists of 71 silver pennies.
For a timeline graphic showing the progression from pre-coin, to lion, to horsehead imagery on the earliest coins, see Basic Electrum Types. [14] Double-die style struck coin from Ancient India, c 304-232 BCE featuring an elephant on one face and a lion on the other. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money.