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A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate. [1]
Master's two-step test [7] was often used, but it was too strenuous for many patients, and inadequate for the assessment of respiratory and circulatory function during varying amounts of exercise. To address these problems, Bruce and his colleagues began to develop a cardiac stress test .
With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not increase any higher, despite increased exercise. A fairly accurate estimate of the target heart rate, based on extensive clinical research, can be estimated by the formula 220 beats per minute minus patient's age.
An elite athlete's heart recorded during a maximum effort workout maintaining over 180 bpm for 10 minutes. The maximum heart rate (HR max) is the age-related highest number of beats per minute of the heart when reaching a point of exhaustion [28] [29] without severe problems through exercise stress. [30]
The Harvard step test, in scientific literature sometimes referred to as the Brouha Test, is a type of cardiac stress test for detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease. It is also a good measurement of fitness and a person's ability to recover after a strenuous exercise by checking the recovery rate.
Moderate intensity exercise is defined as exercise that increases heart rate to 55-74% of maximum heart rate. [42] High intensity exercise increasing the heart rate to 70-100% of maximum heart rate for shorter intervals is at least as effective, and this type of exercise may increase oxygen uptake by the heart compared to moderate intensity ...
The scale was constructed to roughly correlate to 10% of heart rate in a healthy 20-year-old. [8] This explains why the rating starts at 6, which would roughly correspond to a resting heart rate at about 60 per minute. In older individuals, the correlation becomes higher than 10% at the high-end of the scale, as maximum heart rate declines with ...
Heart rate is also an indicator of stress. In normal individuals, heart rate goes from a mean of 70.5 bpm before the test to a maximum mean of 96.5 bpm during the stressful task. Heart rates return to normal quickly after the stress induction has ended. [1]