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Benign early repolarization (BER) or early repolarization is found on an electrocardiogram (ECG) in about 1% of those with chest pain. [2] It is diagnosed based on an elevated J-point / ST elevation with an end-QRS notch or end-QRS slur and where the ST segment concave up. It is believed to be a normal variant.
An ST elevation is considered significant if the vertical distance inside the ECG trace and the baseline at a point 0.04 seconds after the J-point is at least 0.1 mV (usually representing 1 mm or 1 small square) in a limb lead or 0.2 mV (2 mm or 2 small squares) in a precordial lead. [2] The baseline is either the PR interval or the TP interval ...
ST elevation may indicate transmural myocardial infarction. An elevation of >1mm and longer than 80 milliseconds following the J-point . This measure has a false positive rate of 15-20% (which is slightly higher in women than men) and a false negative rate of 20–30%.
ST elevation can also be caused by pericarditis, Brugada syndrome, or can be a normal variant (J-point elevation). T wave: The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles. It is generally upright in all leads except aVR and lead V1.
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for the ECG diagnosis of the ST segment elevation type of acute myocardial infarction require new ST elevation at J point of at least 1mm (0.1 mV) in two contiguous leads with the cut-points: ≥1 mm in all leads ...
The point where the QRS complex meets the ST segment is the J-point. The J-point is easy to identify when the ST segment is horizontal and forms a sharp angle with the last part of the QRS complex. However, when the ST segment is sloped or the QRS complex is wide, the two features do not form a sharp angle and the location of the J-point is ...
Diagnosis is based on an ECG showing ST-segment depression at the J-point of 1 to 3 mm in leads V1 to V6, with tall and symmetrical T waves. [1] The ST-segment is upsloping and there is also often ST-segment elevation of 0.5 to 2 mm in lead aVR. [1] [2] The QRS complex is either normal or slightly wide. [1]
Early repolarization usually occurs in young males (age <40 years) and ECG changes are characterized by terminal R-S slurring, temporal stability of ST-deviations and J-height/ T-amplitude ratio in V5 and V6 of <25% as opposed to pericarditis where terminal R-S slurring is very uncommon and J-height/ T-amplitude ratio is ≥ 25%.