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Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage.. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage.
In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or anterior knee pain. It is not a standard part of the knee examination but is used to diagnose anterior knee ...
[2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and descending stairs. [1] [5] While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to be due to overuse. [1] [2] Risk factors include trauma, increased training, and a weak quadriceps muscle. [1] It is particularly common among runners. [3]
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. [2] Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. [2]
It is frequently divided into 5 grades, with 0-2 defined as normal and 3-4 defined as diseased. Some common diseases affecting/involving the cartilage ...
Manual therapy, or manipulative therapy, is a treatment primarily used by physical therapists and occupational therapists to treat musculoskeletal pain and disability. It mostly includes kneading and manipulation of muscles, joint mobilization and joint manipulation .
A gyroscopic exercise tool is a specialized device used in physical therapy to improve wrist strength and promote the development of palm, wrist, forearm, and finger muscles. It can also be used as a unique demonstration of some aspects of rotational dynamics .
[2] As for friction, it is a result of both microscopic adhesion and chemical bond formation due to the electromagnetic force, and of microscopic structures stressing into each other; [3] in the latter phenomena, in order to allow motion, the microscopic structures must either slide one above the other, or must acquire enough energy to break ...