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Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are viruses that, while similar to the original, have genetic changes that are of enough significance to lead virologists to label them separately. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. [105] Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B). [106] [107] Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. [108]
Analysis of samples from Maharashtra had revealed that compared to December 2020, there was an increase in the fraction of samples with the E484Q and L452R mutations. [2] Lineage B.1.617 later came to be dubbed a double mutant by news media. [3] Lineage B.1.617 has three sublineages according to the PANGO nomenclature:
It has mutations in the gene encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [6] causing the substitutions T478K, P681R and L452R, [7] [8] which are known to affect transmissibility of the virus as well as whether it can be neutralised by antibodies for previously circulating variants of the COVID-19 virus. [9]
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) also list a fourth spike mutation of interest: [14] D614G. This is a substitution at position 614, an aspartic acid-to-glycine substitution. [15] Other variants which have the D614G mutation include the Beta and Delta variants, and the mutation is associated with increased ...
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. [119] On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, [120] which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization, [121] [122] [123] later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
[53] [54] Coronavirus adaptation to a new host often requires mutations in the receptor binding domain. [55] Kang et al. identified a single nucleotide polymorphism relative to RaTG13 in the spike protein, consistent among all of more than 180,000 SARS-CoV-2 samples, affecting glycosylation of the receptor binding domain. [56]
The Eta variant is a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.The Eta variant or lineage B.1.525, also called VUI-21FEB-03 (previously VUI-202102/03) by Public Health England (PHE) and formerly known as UK1188, 21D or 20A/S:484K, does not carry the same N501Y mutation found in Alpha, Beta and Gamma, but carries the same E484K-mutation as found in the Gamma, Zeta, and Beta variants ...