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This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages.. Brief definitions A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names.
Scala: Application, general, parallel, distributed, web Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Data-oriented programming, metaprogramming De facto standard via Scala Language Specification (SLS) Scheme: Education, general Yes No Yes No No No meta, extensible-syntax De facto 1975-2013, R 0 RS, R 1 RS, R 2 RS, R 3 RS, R 4 RS, R 5 RS, R 6 RS, R 7 RS Small Edition ...
An example program might look like: ... Kotlin In Kotlin, an ADT may be ... In Scala 2, an ADT may be defined with: ...
In Scala, all types inherit from a top-level class Any, whose immediate children are AnyVal (value types, such as Int and Boolean) and AnyRef (reference types, as in Java). This means that the Java distinction between primitive types and boxed types (e.g. int vs. Integer) is not present in Scala; boxing and unboxing is completely transparent to ...
However, the LLVM-based Scala Native compiler supports the use of pointers, as well as C-style heap allocation (e.g. malloc, realloc, free) and stack allocation (stackalloc). [ 22 ] Swift normally uses reference counting, but also allows the user to manually manage the memory using malloc and free .
The influence of Scala in Kotlin can be seen in the extensive support for both object-oriented and functional programming [31] and in a number of specific features: there is a distinction between mutable and immutable variables (var vs val keyword) all classes are public and final (non-inheritable) by default
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game (formerly called The Great Computer Language Shootout) is a free software project for comparing how a given subset of simple algorithms can be implemented in various popular programming languages.
Inline vs. prologue – an inline comment follows code on the same line and a prologue comment precedes program code to which it pertains; line or block comments can be used as either inline or prologue; Support for API documentation generation which is outside a language definition