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Flame photometry is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy. It is also known as flame emission spectroscopy . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A photoelectric flame photometer is an instrument used in inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain metal ions, among them sodium , potassium , lithium , and calcium . [ 3 ]
A flame during the assessment of calcium ions in a flame photometer. The sample of a material (analyte) is brought into the flame as a gas, sprayed solution, or directly inserted into the flame by use of a small loop of wire, usually platinum. The heat from the flame evaporates the solvent and breaks intramolecular bonds to create free atoms.
A laboratory flame photometer that uses a propane operated flame atomizer Liquid or dissolved samples are typically used with flame atomizers. The sample solution is aspirated by a pneumatic analytical nebulizer , transformed into an aerosol , which is introduced into a spray chamber, where it is mixed with the flame gases and conditioned in a ...
The nature of the excited and ground states depends only on the element. Ordinarily, there are no bonds to be broken, and molecular orbital theory is not applicable. The emission spectrum observed in flame test is also the basis of flame emission spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and flame photometry. [4] [13]
TFP image in diluted methane flame. Filament spacing is about 10 mm. Thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) is an optical method used to measure temperatures. It involves the placement of a thin filament in a hot gas stream. Radiative emissions from the filament can be correlated with filament temperature.
Flame ionization detectors cannot detect inorganic substances and some highly oxygenated or functionalized species like infrared and laser technology can. In some systems, CO and CO 2 can be detected in the FID using a methanizer , which is a bed of Ni catalyst that reduces CO and CO 2 to methane, which can be in turn detected by the FID.
A photometer A photometer is an instrument that measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation in the range from ultraviolet to infrared and including the visible spectrum. Most photometers convert light into an electric current using a photoresistor , photodiode , or photomultiplier .
Within these ranges of light, calibrations are needed on the machine using standards that vary in type depending on the wavelength of the photometric determination. [4] An example of an experiment in which spectrophotometry is used is the determination of the equilibrium constant of a solution.