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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure.
In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [1] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [2] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [3]
While typhoid means 'typhus-like', typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria, the latter by specific strains of Salmonella typhi. [8] However, in some languages such as German , the term typhus does mean 'typhoid fever', and the here-described typhus is called by another name, such as the language's ...
Typhoid fever causes 11 million infections and more than 100,000 deaths per year, and is most prevalent in south Asia – which accounts for 70% of the global disease burden.
Honke Owariya is the oldest soba restaurant that is still in operation today. It is located in Kyoto, Japan and was founded in 1465. The current owner is Ariko Inaoke who is currently the 16th ...
Vi-rEPA vaccine, a new conjugate form of the injectable Vi vaccine, may be more effective and prevents the disease in many children under the age of five years. [9] In a trial in 2-to-5-year-old children in Vietnam, the vaccine had more than 90 percent efficacy in the first year and protection lasted at least four years. [10]
By 2018, an average of 60% of school children were reached, however only 16 countries reached more than 75% coverage of pre-school children and 28 countries reached over 75% coverage of school-age children. [80] In 2018, the number of countries with endemic STH was estimated to be 96 (down from 112 in 2010). [80]
After 6 months of age, babies can continue nursing while other sources of nutrition are introduced, including iron-rich foods like pureed meats and certain oats, barley and rice cereals.