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  2. List of topics characterized as pseudoscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics...

    2012 phenomenon – a range of eschatological beliefs that cataclysmic or otherwise transformative events would occur on or around 21 December 2012. This date was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and as such, festivities to commemorate the date took place on 21 December 2012 in the countries that were part of the Maya civilization ...

  3. Outcomes paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcomes_paradox

    Limitations in supporting research and the presence of contradictory findings limit the validity of the outcomes paradox. For instance, the IPSS and DOSMeD studies experienced high attrition rates from the participants in developing countries due to issues including premature death. [ 1 ]

  4. Cognitive dissonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance

    The contradiction of a belief, ideal, or system of values causes cognitive dissonance that can be resolved by changing the challenged belief, yet, instead of effecting change, the resultant mental stress restores psychological consonance to the person by misperception, rejection, or refutation of the contradiction, seeking moral support from ...

  5. Rind et al. controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rind_et_al._controversy

    Rind, Bauserman and Tromovitch stated that research findings can be skewed by an investigator's personal biases, and in Rind et al. claimed that "[r]eviewers who are convinced that CSA is a major cause of adult psychopathology may fall prey to confirmation bias by noting and describing study findings indicating harmful effects but ignoring or ...

  6. Forward testing effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_testing_effect

    These findings prompted another study to be conducted by Chan and Davis in 2015 which aimed to explain these findings which undermined the validity of the forward testing effect. In this study, they present the 'borrowed time hypothesis' which they attribute to the contradictory findings of Finn and Roediger.

  7. Moral Injury: The Grunts - The ... - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/moral...

    But the boy’s death haunts him, mired in the swamp of moral confusion and contradiction so familiar to returning veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is what experts are coming to identify as a moral injury: the pain that results from damage to a person’s moral foundation. In contrast to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which ...

  8. Flynn effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect

    In 2001, William Dickens and James Flynn presented a model for resolving several contradictory findings regarding IQ. They argue that the measure " heritability " includes both a direct effect of the genotype on IQ and also indirect effects such that the genotype changes the environment , thereby affecting IQ.

  9. Falsifiability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability

    The purely logical contradiction, together with the material requirement, are sufficient. The logical part consists of theories, statements, and their purely logical relationship together with this material requirement, which is needed for a connection with the methodological part.