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Sleep is known to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of bipolar disorder. [1] Patients with bipolar disorder often have a less stable and more variable circadian activity. [2] Circadian activity disruption can be apparent even if the person concerned is not currently ill. [3] [4]
Polysomnography (PSG) is a multi-parameter type of sleep study [1] and a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine.The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG.The name is derived from Greek and Latin roots: the Greek πολύς (polus for "many, much", indicating many channels), the Latin somnus ("sleep"), and the Greek γράφειν (graphein, "to write").
In light of associations between bipolar and circadian abnormalities (such as decreased need for sleep and increased sleep latency), polymorphisms in the CLOCK gene have been tested for association, although findings have been inconsistent, [6] and one meta analysis has reported no association with either bipolar or major depressive disorder. [14]
Onset of Bipolar Disorder. Signs of bipolar disorder generally emerge in young adulthood. Research suggests that 70 percent of people with bipolar disorder experience their first manic episode ...
The sensors show when patient is asleep and awake, and transmit data used to determine when patient is in REM sleep. The nap trial begins when the lights are turned off. [9] The patient is asked to perform simple tasks to test that the equipment is working properly. The patient is asked to nap for 20 minutes, and then is awakened.
The most common sleep-related symptom of bipolar disorder is insomnia, in addition to hypersomnia, nightmares, poor sleep quality, OSA, extreme daytime sleepiness, etc. [27] Moreover, animal models have shown that sleep debt can induce episodes of bipolar mania in laboratory mice, but these models are still limited in their potential to explain ...
Sleep apnea can occur 10 times as often in uremic patients than in the general population and can affect up to 30-80% of patients on dialysis, though nighttime dialysis can improve this. About 50% of dialysis patients have hypersomnia, as severe kidney disease can cause uremic encephalopathy, increased sleep-inducing cytokines , and impaired ...
The poor response from some bipolar patients to treatment has given evidence to the concept of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. [ 163 ] [ 164 ] Guidelines to the definition of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder and evidence-based options for its management were reviewed in 2020.
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