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  2. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1] An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the ...

  3. Azide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azide

    In chemistry, azide (/ ˈ eɪ z aɪ d /, AY-zyd) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula N − 3 and structure − N=N + =N −. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid HN 3. Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula RN 3, containing the azide functional group. [1] The dominant application of azides is as a propellant in ...

  4. List of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements

    A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...

  5. Molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology

    The term 'molecular biology' was first used in 1945 by the English physicist William Astbury, who described it as an approach focused on discerning the underpinnings of biological phenomena—i.e. uncovering the physical and chemical structures and properties of biological molecules, as well as their interactions with other molecules and how ...

  6. Chalcogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen

    DNA, an important biological compound containing oxygen. Oxygen is needed by almost all organisms for the purpose of generating ATP. It is also a key component of most other biological compounds, such as water, amino acids and DNA. Human blood contains a large amount of oxygen. Human bones contain 28% oxygen. Human tissue contains 16% oxygen.

  7. Biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology

    He explored biological causation and the diversity of life. His successor, Theophrastus, began the scientific study of plants. [17] Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al-Jahiz (781–869), Al-Dīnawarī (828–896), who wrote on botany, [18] and Rhazes (865–925) who wrote on anatomy and physiology.

  8. Chemical element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element

    The electrons are placed into atomic orbitals that determine the atom's chemical properties. The number of neutrons in a nucleus usually has very little effect on an element's chemical properties; except for hydrogen (for which the kinetic isotope effect is significant). Thus, all carbon isotopes have nearly identical chemical properties ...

  9. Estradiol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol

    The name estradiol derives from estra-, Gk. οἶστρος (oistros, literally meaning "verve or inspiration"), [96] which refers to the estrane steroid ring system, and -diol, a chemical term and suffix indicating that the compound is a type of alcohol bearing two hydroxyl groups.

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