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Glucose homeostasis, when operating normally, restores the blood sugar level to a narrow range of about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79 to 110 mg/dL) (as measured by a fasting blood glucose test). [10] The global mean fasting plasma blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); [11] [12] however, this level fluctuates throughout the day ...
In general, the normal range for most people (fasting adults) is about 4 to 6 mmol/L or 80 to 110 mg/dL. (where 4 mmol/L or 80 mg/dL is "optimal".) A subject with a consistent range above 7 mmol/L or 126 mg/dL is generally held to have hyperglycemia, whereas a consistent range below 4 mmol/L or 70 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic.
The upper limits remain the same, as fasting levels above this are almost universally accepted as indicative of full diabetes: WHO criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL). [5] [6] [7] ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
A level below 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) 10–16 hours without eating is normal. 5.6–6 mmol/L (100–109 mg/dL) may indicate prediabetes and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be offered to high-risk individuals (old people, those with high blood pressure etc.). 6.1–6.9 mmol/L (110–125 mg/dL) means OGTT should be offered even if other ...
Fasting plasma glucose (measured before the OGTT begins) should be below 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL). Fasting levels between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L (100 and 125 mg/dL) indicate prediabetes (" impaired fasting glucose "), and fasting levels repeatedly at or above 7.0 mmol/L (>126 mg/dL) are diagnostic of diabetes.
Artificial sweeteners do not lower blood sugar levels. [116] The blood sugar content of a healthy person in the short-time fasting state, e.g. after overnight fasting, is about 70 to 100 mg/dL of blood (4 to 5.5 mM). In blood plasma, the measured values are about 10–15% higher.
Per the WHO, people with fasting glucose levels from 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L (110 to 125 mg/dL) are considered to have impaired fasting glucose. [89] People with plasma glucose at or above 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), but not over 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), two hours after a 75 gram oral glucose load are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance .
mg/dL Full blood glucose (fasting) 3.3 [5] 5.6 [5] mmol/L 60 [177] 100 [177] mg/dL Random glucose: 3.9 [178] 7.8 [178] mmol/L 70 [179] 140 [179] mg/dL Lactate (Venous) 4.5 [23] 19.8 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 2.2 [180] mmol/L: Lactate (Arterial) 4.5 [23] 14.4 [23] mg/dL: 0.5 [180] 1.6 [180] mmol/L: Pyruvate: 300 [23] 900 [23] μg/dL: 34 [181] 102 ...