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When an oxidizer (Ox) accepts a number z of electrons ( e −) to be converted in its reduced form (Red), the half-reaction is expressed as: + The reaction quotient (Q r), also often called the ion activity product (IAP), is the ratio between the chemical activities (a) of the reduced form (the reductant, a Red) and the oxidized form (the oxidant, a Ox).
Since Δ r G o = -nFE o, the electrode potential is a representation of the Gibbs energy change for the given reduction. The sum of the Gibbs energy changes for subsequent reductions (e.g. from O 2 to H 2 O 2, then from H 2 O 2 to H 2 O) is the same as the Gibbs energy change for the overall reduction (i.e. from O 2 to H 2 O), in accordance ...
In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...
Paraquat, the dication on the left, functions as an electron acceptor, disrupting respiration in plants. In biology, a terminal electron acceptor often refers to either the last compound to receive an electron in an electron transport chain, such as oxygen during cellular respiration, or the last cofactor to receive an electron within the electron transfer domain of a reaction center during ...
DTT is a reducing agent; once oxidized, it forms a stable six-membered ring with an internal disulfide bond.It has a redox potential of −0.33 V at pH 7. [1] The reduction of a typical disulfide bond proceeds by two sequential thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and is illustrated below.
If the curves for two metals at a given temperature are compared, the metal with the lower Gibbs free energy of oxidation on the diagram will reduce the oxide with the higher Gibbs free energy of formation. For example, metallic aluminium can reduce iron oxide to metallic iron, the aluminium itself being oxidized to aluminium oxide.
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Organic redox reactions: the Birch reduction. Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.In organic chemistry oxidations and reductions are different from ordinary redox reactions, because many reactions carry the name but do not actually involve electron transfer. [1]