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Symbolizing the policies that turned away more than 900 Jewish refugees, the wheel incorporates four inter-meshing gears, each showing a word to represent factors of exclusion: antisemitism, xenophobia, racism, and hatred. The back of the memorial is inscribed with the passenger list. [25]
The Struma disaster was the sinking on 24 February 1942 of a ship, MV Struma, which had been trying to take nearly 800 Jewish refugees from the Axis member Romania to Mandatory Palestine. She was a small iron-hulled ship of only 240 GRT and had been built in 1867 as a steam-powered schooner [ 3 ] but had recently been re-engined with an ...
In 1941 the New Zionist Organisation and the Betar Zionist youth movement chartered Struma from Jean Pandelis to take Jewish refugees from Romania to Palestine. [8] On 12 December 1941 she left the port of Constanța in Romania carrying 10 crew and about 781 refugees. [9] Her diesel engine was not working so a tug towed Struma out to sea. [10]
On 3 August 1944 three small old merchant ships, overcrowded with about 1,000 Jewish refugees, left the Romanian port of Constanța at about 20:30 hrs. Sailing instructions from the German naval authorities were for Morina with 308 passengers to sail first, followed by Bulbul with 390 people, and lastly by Mefküre with 320 refugees (the exact number may be slightly different) on board.
The official death toll is 5,348, but it is estimated that up to 9,343 were killed, making it possibly the worst single-ship loss of life in history and the worst maritime ship disaster of WWII. Most of those killed were German civilians, military personnel, and Nazi officials being evacuated from East Prussia. It is estimated that between 650 ...
With ships packed with refugees, such as the St. Louis and refugee ships headed for Palestine were turned back, it is difficult to make a case for the thesis that rescue was not possible. [40] Wyman's views are supported by numerous participants and scholars, such David Kranzler, Hillel Kook, Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl, to name only a few. [41]
The ship was too large and unusual to go unnoticed. Even as people began boarding the ship at the port of Sète near Montpellier, a Royal Air Force aircraft circled overhead and a Royal Navy warship waited a short distance out at sea. [30] HMS Mermaid, which shadowed Exodus 1947 on the first part of her voyage to Palestine
Gustav Schröder (German: [ˈɡʊs.taf ˈʃʁøː,dɐ] ⓘ; 27 September 1885 – 10 January 1959) was a German sea captain most remembered and celebrated for his role in attempting to save 937 German-Jewish passengers on his ship MS St. Louis having sailed from Hamburg to escape Nazis in 1939. Disembarkation of nearly all of the passengers at ...