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This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles.. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species.
Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; ... Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include: [1]
Mineral tests are simple physical and chemical methods of testing samples, which can help to identify the mineral type. [1] This approach is used widely in mineralogy , ore geology and general geological mapping.
Gneiss – Common high-grade metamorphic rock; Granulite – Class of high-grade medium to coarse grained metamorphic rocks; Greenschist – Metamorphic rock – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles; Hornfels – Group of metamorphic rocks Calcflinta – A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands
Staurolite is a common metamorphic intermediate-grade index mineral. It has a particularly complicated crystal structure that was only fully described in 1986. Topaz (Al 2 SiO 4 (F, OH) 2, often found in granitic pegmatites associated with tourmaline, is a common gemstone mineral. [132]
Most rocks contain silicate minerals, compounds that include silica tetrahedra in their crystal lattice, and account for about one-third of all known mineral species and about 95% of the earth's crust. [6] The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7]
Mineralogy applies principles of chemistry, geology, physics and materials science to the study of minerals. Mineralogy [n 1] is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.
Recognizing the habit can aid in mineral identification and description, as the crystal habit is an external representation of the internal ordered atomic arrangement. [1] Most natural crystals, however, do not display ideal habits and are commonly malformed. Hence, it is also important to describe the quality of the shape of a mineral specimen:
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