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To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. [37] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. [38] Men generally face social stigma for embodying feminine traits, more so than women do for embodying masculine traits. [39]
[2] [3] [4] It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, [5] [6] as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. [7] Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. In Western cultures, its meaning is traditionally drawn from being contrasted with femininity.
In humans, the word male can be used in the context of gender, such as for gender role or gender identity of a man or boy. [7] For example, according to Merriam-Webster, "male" can refer to "having a gender identity that is the opposite of female". [23] According to the Cambridge Dictionary, "male" can mean "belonging or relating to men". [24]
The native Turkic word is kiši. [4] Greek ἄνθρωπος (anthropos) is of uncertain, possibly pre-Greek origin. [5] Slavic čelověkъ also is of uncertain etymology. [6] The Chinese character used in East Asian languages is 人, originating as a pictogram of a human being. The reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation of the Chinese word is ...
The word is also used as a synonym for sex, and the balance between these usages has shifted over time. [10] [11] [12] In the mid-20th century, a terminological distinction in modern English (known as the sex and gender distinction) between biological sex and gender began to develop in the academic areas of psychology, sociology, sexology, and ...
The word hijra is a Hindustani word. [17] It has traditionally been translated into English as "eunuch" or "hermaphrodite", where "the irregularity of the male genitalia is central to the definition". [18] However, in general hijras have been born male, with only a few having been born with intersex variations. [19]
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A further annotation exists on a separate definition stating that "The word sex tends now to refer to biological differences, while gender often refers to cultural or social ones." [ 24 ] Merriam-Webster defines sex as "either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or ...