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For most people with bipolar types 1 and 2, the depressive episodes are much longer than the manic or hypomanic episodes. [20] Since a diagnosis of bipolar disorder requires a manic or hypomanic episode, many affected individuals are initially misdiagnosed as having major depression and treated with prescribed antidepressants.
Misdiagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) can occur due to symptom overlap with other mental health conditions and the high rate of comorbidity in personality disorders. [2] Research has shown that having a personality disorder like BPD is a significant vulnerability factor for comorbidity with other mental health conditions.
Bipolar I disorder requires confirmation of only 1 full manic episode for diagnosis, but may be associated with hypomanic and depressive episodes as well. [7] Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder does not include a full manic episode; instead, it requires the occurrence of both a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. [ 7 ]
[1] [2] The course of BP-II is more chronic and consists of more frequent cycling than the course of BP-I. [1] [9] Finally, BP-II is associated with a greater risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than BP-I or unipolar depression. [1] [9] BP-II is no less severe than BP-I, and types I and II present equally severe burdens. [1] [10]
A mixed affective state, formerly known as a mixed-manic or mixed episode, has been defined as a state wherein features and symptoms unique to both depression and (hypo)mania, including episodes of anguish, despair, self doubt, rage, excessive impulsivity and suicidal ideation, sensory overload, racing thoughts, heightened irritability, decreased "need" for sleep and other symptoms of ...
Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder, whereas, bipolar disorder is a primary mood disorder which can also involve psychosis. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized as critical psychiatric disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5). [1]
The American housing market has been a difficult one for many over the last several years, with high interest rates and soaring prices preventing many Americans from buying a new home. As such ...
Unipolar mania is a form of bipolar disorder whereby individuals only experience manic episodes without depression. [1] Depression is often characterised by a persistent low mood, decreased energy and thoughts of suicide. [2] What is seen as its counterpart, mania, can be characterized by racing thoughts, less need for sleep and psychomotor ...
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