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  2. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    This is the smallest value for which we care about observing a difference. Now, for (1) to reject H 0 with a probability of at least 1 − β when H a is true (i.e. a power of 1 − β), and (2) reject H 0 with probability α when H 0 is true, the following is necessary: If z α is the upper α percentage point of the standard normal ...

  3. Rule of three (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(statistics)

    The rule can then be derived [2] either from the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution, or from the formula (1−p) n for the probability of zero events in the binomial distribution. In the latter case, the edge of the confidence interval is given by Pr(X = 0) = 0.05 and hence (1−p) n = .05 so n ln(1–p) = ln .05 ≈ −2

  4. Size (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size_(statistics)

    This statistics -related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  5. Order statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_statistic

    More precisely, if n = 2m+1 for some integer m, then the sample median is (+) and so is an order statistic. On the other hand, when n is even , n = 2 m and there are two middle values, X ( m ) {\displaystyle X_{(m)}} and X ( m + 1 ) {\displaystyle X_{(m+1)}} , and the sample median is some function of the two (usually the average) and hence not ...

  6. Cohen's h - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen's_h

    Describe the differences in proportions using the rule of thumb criteria set out by Cohen. [1] Namely, h = 0.2 is a "small" difference, h = 0.5 is a "medium" difference, and h = 0.8 is a "large" difference. [2] [3] Only discuss differences that have h greater than some threshold value, such as 0.2. [4]

  7. Mean absolute error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_absolute_error

    In particular, m is a sample median if and only if m minimizes the arithmetic mean of the absolute deviations. [ 7 ] More generally, a median is defined as a minimum of E ( | X − c | − | X | ) , {\displaystyle E(|X-c|-|X|),} as discussed at Multivariate median (and specifically at Spatial median ).

  8. Is voter fraud real or a myth? Here are the actual statistics

    www.aol.com/article/news/2016/11/07/is-voter...

    The election is absolutely being rigged by the dishonest and distorted media pushing Crooked Hillary - but also at many polling places - SAD — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) October 16, 2016

  9. M-estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-estimator

    In statistics, M-estimators are a broad class of extremum estimators for which the objective function is a sample average. [1] Both non-linear least squares and maximum likelihood estimation are special cases of M-estimators. The definition of M-estimators was motivated by robust statistics, which contributed new types of M-estimators.