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  2. Rankine scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_scale

    Similar to the Kelvin scale, which was first proposed in 1848, [1] zero on the Rankine scale is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree (°R or °Ra) is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.

  3. William Rankine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine

    In 1859 he proposed the Rankine scale of temperature, an absolute or thermodynamic scale whose degree is equal to a Fahrenheit degree. In 1862, Rankine expanded Lord Kelvin’s theory of universal heat death and, along with Kelvin himself, formulated the heat death paradox, which disproves the possibility of an infinitely old universe. [13]

  4. Thermodynamic temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature

    Thermodynamic temperature is a quantity defined in thermodynamics as distinct from kinetic theory or statistical mechanics.. Historically, thermodynamic temperature was defined by Lord Kelvin in terms of a macroscopic relation between thermodynamic work and heat transfer as defined in thermodynamics, but the kelvin was redefined by international agreement in 2019 in terms of phenomena that are ...

  5. Conversion of scales of temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_scales_of...

    Rankine x °C ≘ (x ... Comparison of temperature scales; Comment Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit Rankine Delisle ... Water boils (at standard pressure) 373.1339 99.9839 ...

  6. Absolute zero - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero

    Absolute, or thermodynamic, temperature is conventionally measured in kelvin (Celsius-scaled increments) [1] and in the Rankine scale (Fahrenheit-scaled increments) with increasing rarity. Absolute temperature measurement is uniquely determined by a multiplicative constant which specifies the size of the degree , so the ratios of two absolute ...

  7. Standard temperature and pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperature_and...

    This standard is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP). However, a common temperature and pressure in use by NIST for thermodynamic experiments is 298.15 K (25 °C, 77 °F) and 1 bar (14.5038 psi , 100 kPa ).

  8. Dying To Be Free - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/dying-to-be...

    Standard treatment in the United States, however, emphasizes willpower over chemistry. Dr. Mary Jeanne Kreek, a pioneering researcher who runs the Laboratory of Biology of Addictive Diseases at Rockefeller University in New York City.

  9. Scale of temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_of_temperature

    For instance, precise measurements show that the boiling point of VSMOW water under one standard atmosphere of pressure is actually 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C) when adhering strictly to the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature. When calibrated to ITS–90, where one must interpolate between the defining points of gallium and indium ...