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The distal convoluted tubule has a different structure and function to that of the proximal convoluted tubule. Cells lining the tubule have numerous mitochondria to produce enough energy for active transport to take place. Much of the ion transport taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is regulated by the endocrine system.
At least 16 different cell types make up the renal tubules. [102] The tubules themselves are divided into at least 14 segments, [102] which differ in cell types and functions. [103] The normal functioning of the kidneys is provided by the complex of epithelial, endothelial, interstitial and immune cells. [104]
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).
This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries. The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.
T tubule: transverse intracellular tubules invaginating from the cell membrane and surrounding the myofibrils of the T system of skeletal and cardiac muscle, serving as a pathway for the spread of electrical excitation within a muscle cell; Trachea: tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids
A nephridiopore is part of the nephridium, an excretory organ found in many organisms, such as flatworms and annelids. [1] Polychaetes typically release their gametes into the water column using nephridiopores. [2] Nephridia are homologous to nephrons or uriniferous tubules found in the kidney of humans. Nephridiopores are present in ventral ...
The lungs are the part of respiratory system which helps to maintain acid–base homeostasis by regulating carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentration in the blood. The respiratory system is the first line of defense when the body experiences and acid–base problem. It attempts to return the body pH to a value of 7.4 by controlling the respiratory rate.