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The Shunt equation (also known as the Berggren equation) quantifies the extent to which venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung.. “Shunt” and “dead space“ are terms used to describe conditions where either blood flow or ventilation do not interact with each other in the lung, as they should for efficient gas exchange to take place.
Utilizing the Fick principle, the ratio of blood flow in the lungs (Qp) and system circulations (Qs) can calculate the Qp:Qs ratio. Elevation of the Qp:Qs ratio above 1.5 to 2.0 suggests that there is a hemodynamically significant left-to-right shunt (such that the blood flow through the lungs is 1.5 to 2.0 times more than the systemic ...
where is the pulmonary vein, is the pulmonary artery, is the systemic arterial, and is the mixed-venous The Qp:Qs ratio is based upon the Fick principle and it is reduced to the above equation and eliminates the need to know cardiac output and hemoglobin concentration.
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A pulmonary-to-systemic shunt is a cardiac shunt which allows, or is designed to cause, blood to flow from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation. [1] [2] This occurs when:
The term was first used by Mirsky and Parmley in describing regional differences in deformation between normal and ischemic myocardium [5] Strain rate is the rate of deformation. In ultrasound it is usually measured from the velocity gradient SR = (v 2 - v 1 )/L where v 2 and v 1 are the myocardial velocities at two different points, and L is ...
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The QT interval is a measurement made on an electrocardiogram used to assess some of the electrical properties of the heart.It is calculated as the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave, and approximates to the time taken from when the cardiac ventricles start to contract to when they finish relaxing.