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Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. ... and/or apatite, which can result in struvite kidney stones.
This alkalinizes the urine, resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Morganella morganii are the most common organisms isolated; less common organisms include Ureaplasma urealyticum and some species of Providencia, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Enterobacter.
The resultant alkalinization results in stone crystallization. [20] In humans the microbial urease, Proteus mirabilis , is the most common in infection induced urinary stones. [ 21 ]
P. mirabilis is often found as a free-living organism in soil and water. About 10–15% of kidney stones are struvite stones, caused by alkalinization of the urine by the action of the urease enzyme (which splits urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide) of Proteus (and other) bacterial species.
Struvite stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values. Urea-splitting organisms include Proteus, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma. [citation needed]
Proteus vulgaris is commonly found in the intestine in various animals, and is shed into manure and soil. About 10–15% of kidney stones are struvite stones, caused by alkalinization of the urine by the action of the urease enzyme of Proteus (and other) bacterial species. [3]
Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, ... P. mirabilis causes 9% of Proteus infections. ... which leads to struvite stone formation. Struvite stones are composed of a ...
Sulopenem/probenecid is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by the designated microorganisms Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis in adult women who have limited or no alternative oral antibacterial treatment options. [1] [2]