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Fiscal sociology is the sociology of public finance, particularly tax policy. As a field, it seeks to explore the relationship that taxation constitutes between citizens and the state , including the cultural and historical factors that determine compliance with taxation. [ 1 ]
Fiscal space is the flexibility of a government in its spending choices, and, more generally, to the financial well-being of a government. [1] Peter Heller (2005) defined it “as room in a government’s budget that allows it to provide resources for a desired purpose without jeopardizing the sustainability of its financial position or the stability of the economy.” [2]
The holy grail of macroeconomics is full employment along with price stability, which implies highly efficient use of resources while controlling price level. In the first place, Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) rejects the monetarist explanation virtually in toto, arguing that it is based on an incorrect view of actual operations of the Treasury, central bank, and commercial banking, and how they ...
Neutral fiscal policy is usually undertaken when an economy is in neither a recession nor an expansion. The amount of government deficit spending (the excess not financed by tax revenue ) is roughly the same as it has been on average over time, so no changes to it are occurring that would have an effect on the level of economic activity .
As a result, the distribution of tax burdens and government expenditure benefits is an important economic question to those concerned with the equity of the fiscal system. When the economic incidence of taxation is combined with the economic incidence of government expenditures, the result is a measure of the overall increase or decrease in ...
In the world of accounting, finance and taxes, there's more than one type of year. In addition to regular years, there are a number of different fiscal years. A fiscal year is the 12-month period ...
Fiscal union is the integration of the fiscal policy of nations or states. In a fiscal union, decisions about the collection and expenditure of taxes are taken by common institutions, shared by the participating governments. A fiscal union does not imply the centralisation of spending and tax decisions at the supranational level.
Thus, the transfer system can promote efficiency in the public sector and can level the field for intergovernmental competition. [2] The discussion of fiscal imbalance and equalisation was of particular importance in the drafting of the new Iraqi constitution. It was a sticking point for the drafting process—with the oil rich regions seeking ...