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Nonetheless, African-American men and women made important contributions to the Manhattan Project during World War II. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] At the time, their work was shrouded in secrecy, intentionally compartmentalized and decontextualized so that almost no one knew the purpose or intended use of what they were doing.
Henry Hudson (c. 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the Northeastern United States.
Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. was born in Washington, D.C. on December 18, 1912, the second of three children born to Benjamin O. Davis Sr. and Elnora Dickerson Davis. [1] His father was a U.S. Army officer, a lieutenant at that time, stationed in Wyoming with the 9th Cavalry, a segregated African-American regiment.
The history of African Americans in the U.S. Civil War is marked by 186,097 (7,122 officers, 178,975 enlisted) [26] African-American men, comprising 163 units, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and many more African Americans served in the Union Navy. Both free African Americans and runaway slaves joined the fight.
"A Chronology of African American Military Service From the Colonial Era through the Antebellum Period" via Internet Archive, author unknown "Medal of Honor Recipients: African American World War II" archived U.S. Army Center of Military History web page; Michael Lee Lanning. The African-American Soldier: From Crispus Attucks to Colin Powell ...
A total of 708 African Americans were killed in combat during World War II. [ 200 ] The distinguished service of these units was a factor in President Harry S. Truman 's order to end discrimination in the Armed Forces in July 1948, with the promulgation of Executive Order 9981 .
The civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent action to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The era has had a lasting impact on American society – in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance of civil rights, and in its exposure of the prevalence and cost of racism.
December 8: A long racial dispute in Harlem over the eviction of an African-American record store-owner by a Jewish proprietor ends in murder and arson. 51-year-old Roland Smith Jr., angry over the proposed eviction, set fire to Freddie's Fashion Mart on 125th Street and opened fire on the store's employees, killing 7 and wounding four. Smith ...