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A hammer toe, hammertoe or contracted toe is a deformity of the muscles and ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toe, bending it into a shape resembling a hammer. In the early stage, a flexible hammertoe is movable at the joints; a rigid hammertoe joint cannot be moved and usually requires surgery.
Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between the second/third and third/fourth metatarsal heads; the first is of the big toe), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.
Hammer toes are unsightly and reveal a toe that is curled due to a bend in the middle joint of the toe. A hammer toe occur chiefly because the shoe is too tight at the front or the heels are too high. In such situations, the toe is strained against the front of the shoe and results in an abnormal twist. [7]
“Toe separators between two toes serve the purpose of reducing discomfort from deformities that cause pressure between two toes (bunion, hammertoe, etc.),” Sharkey explains.
A tenotomy is a surgical act which involves the division of a tendon. [1] It and related procedures are also referred to as tendon release, tendon lengthening, and heel-cord release. When it involves the Achilles tendon, it is called "Achillotenotomy". [citation needed] It has been used in the treatment of cerebral palsy. [2]
Chronic toe walking leads to muscle contracture due to the lack of calf muscles being adequately stretched. Once the muscle contracture has developed, the voluntary toe walking then becomes involuntary. [2] If someone has a disability that causes spasticity (such as cerebral palsy), they may walk on their toes involuntarily.
Assessment is needed of the affected individual's goals, their function, and any symptoms that may be related to the movement disorder, such as pain. A thorough assessment will include analysis of posture, active movement, muscle strength, movement control and coordination, and endurance, as well as spasticity (response of the muscle to stretch).
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension).
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