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  2. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.

  3. Gastric folds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_folds

    The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid.It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl).

  4. Gastrointestinal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology

    Control of the digestive system is also maintained by ENS, which can be thought of as a digestive brain that can help to regulate motility, secretion and growth. Sensory information from the digestive system can be received, integrated and acted upon by the enteric system alone. When this occurs, the reflex is called a short reflex. [4]

  5. Stomach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach

    In the human digestive system, a bolus (a small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the esophagus via the lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin ), and hydrochloric acid , which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work.

  6. Gastrointestinal wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall

    Goblet cells secrete mucus, which lubricates the passage of food along and protects the intestinal wall from digestive enzymes. In the small intestine, villi are folds of the mucosa that increase the surface area of the intestine. The villi contain a lacteal, a vessel connected to the lymph system that aids in the removal of lipids and tissue ...

  7. Gastric glands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_glands

    The parietal cells also produce and release bicarbonate ions in response to histamine release from the nearby ECLs, and so serve a crucial role in the pH buffering system. [ 11 ] Enteroendocrine cells – They are usually present in the basal parts of the gastric glands, which is differentiated into three cell types – enterochromaffin like ...

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