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Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) was first described in January 2008 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. [1] It was the first example of a human viral pathogen discovered using unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing with a technique called digital transcriptome subtraction . [ 2 ]
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. [1] [2] As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. [3]Fourteen species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent.
Human polyomavirus 2 (also known as JC virus) is known to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). [36] [37] Human herpesvirus 8 (also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is a virus associated with Kaposi sarcoma, a type of cancer. [38] [39]
The primary alphapolyomavirus that is of clinical significance to humans is Merkel cell polyomavirus (Human polyomavirus 5, MCV, or MCPyV). The apparent oncogenicity of MCPyV [ 6 ] similar to other cancer-causing viruses such as HPV , Epstein-Barr virus , and Hepatitis C virus [ 7 ] is a main area of research for the scientific community.
All known human polyomaviruses are fairly common in healthy adult populations and are usually asymptomatic. In studies that profile polyomavirus seroprevalence, or prevalence of detectable antibodies against viral proteins indicating either past or present exposure in immunocompetent adults, HPyV9 tends to have a relatively lower prevalence compared to other human polyomaviruses.
The BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, [1] but significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed. BK virus is an abbreviation of the name of the first patient, from whom the ...
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses.Mammals and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 13 species in this family, divided among 1 genera, Polyomavirus (type species Simian virus 40).
Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus). [3] It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, [ 4 ] and by Silverman and Rubinstein.