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The secularization movement began in the 1770s. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1768 from all of the Spanish Empire's colonies including the Philippines, the Spanish monarchy issued a royal decree in 1774 to fill vacant clergy posts in parishes with seculars. [4]
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
The Philippines became a Spanish colony in 1565, following the Magellan expedition's stopover in the islands in 1521. Religion played a significant role in the colony's governance. Due to the distance of the Philippines from the Iberian Peninsula, Spain had to rely on network of parishes and monastic orders for governance of the archipelago. [3]
Parishes began to have native priests at the time of Archbishop Sancho. The Philippines was given representation in the Spanish Cortes three times (last time was from 1836 to 1837). [ 13 ] However, on June 1, 1823, a Creole revolt broke out in Manila led by the Mexican -blood Creole captain Andres Novales . [ 14 ]
He was diocesan administrator of the Archdiocese of Manila for a brief period of time. In the early 19th century, Pelaez advocated for the secularization of Filipino priests and is considered the "Godfather of the Philippine Revolution." His cause towards beatification has been initiated; he is designated with the title "Servant of God." [2] [3]
In the late 18th century, Criollo (or Insulares, "islanders", as they were locally called) writers began spreading the ideals of the French Revolution in the Philippines. At the same time, a royal decree ordered the secularization of Philippine churches, and many parishes were turned over to Philippine-born priests.
Secularization is sometimes credited both to the cultural shifts in society following the emergence of rationality and the development of science as a substitute for superstition—Max Weber called this process the "disenchantment of the world"—and to the changes made by religious institutions to compensate.
The Philippine Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a group based in Spain but coming from the Philippines, composed of Indios (indigenous peoples), Mestizos (mixed race), Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as "Filipinos" as that term had a different, less expansive meaning prior to the death of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan) and Peninsulares (Spaniards born in ...