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In these examples, the (negative) least absolute remainder is obtained from the least positive remainder by subtracting 5, which is d. This holds in general. When dividing by d, either both remainders are positive and therefore equal, or they have opposite signs. If the positive remainder is r 1, and the negative one is r 2, then r 1 = r 2 + d.
At the beginning of the k th iteration, the variable b holds the latest remainder r k−1, whereas the variable a holds its predecessor, r k−2. The step b := a mod b is equivalent to the above recursion formula r k ≡ r k−2 mod r k−1. The temporary variable t holds the value of r k−1 while the next remainder r k is being calculated.
R: = N D: = D << n-- R and D need twice the word width of N and Q for i: = n − 1.. 0 do-- For example 31..0 for 32 bits R: = 2 * R − D-- Trial subtraction from shifted value (multiplication by 2 is a shift in binary representation) if R >= 0 then q (i): = 1-- Result-bit 1 else q (i): = 0-- Result-bit 0 R: = R + D-- New partial remainder is ...
Using Euclidean division, 9 divided by 4 is 2 with remainder 1. In other words, each person receives 2 slices of pie, and there is 1 slice left over. This can be confirmed using multiplication, the inverse of division: if each of the 4 people received 2 slices, then 4 × 2 = 8 slices were given out in total. Adding the 1 slice remaining, the ...
The b values are the coefficients of the result (R(x)) polynomial, the degree of which is one less than that of P(x). The final value obtained, s, is the remainder. The polynomial remainder theorem asserts that the remainder is equal to P(r), the value of the polynomial at r.
Carmichael λ function: λ(n) for 1 ≤ n ≤ 1000 (compared to Euler φ function). In number theory, a branch of mathematics, the Carmichael function λ(n) of a positive integer n is the smallest positive integer m such that
Assuming that [a − r, a + r] ⊂ I and r < R, all these series converge uniformly on (a − r, a + r). Naturally, in the case of analytic functions one can estimate the remainder term R k ( x ) {\textstyle R_{k}(x)} by the tail of the sequence of the derivatives f′ ( a ) at the center of the expansion, but using complex analysis also ...
Polynomial long division can be used to find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the function defined by the polynomial P(x) at a particular point x = r. [3] If R(x) is the remainder of the division of P(x) by (x – r) 2, then the equation of the tangent line at x = r to the graph of the function y = P(x) is y = R(x ...