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The Polish Sokół movement (sokół meaning "falcon") originated after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1863. Its goal was to regenerate the Polish nation through physical fitness. The first "nest" in the United States was founded in 1887 in Chicago by Felix Pietrowicz. By 1894 there were twelve nests in the country.
8th All-Polish Congress of the "Falcon" Polish Gymnastic Society in Katowice, 1937. In Greater Poland, Sokół became an important group dedicated to Polish independence.In the German partition of Poland, from the beginning, the Sokół movement met with police persecutions, controls, harassment and provocations.
During World War I the Polonia in the United States and Canada provided more than 28,000 volunteers to the Polish Army in France. About 14,500 returned after the War to America. In May 1921, at a convention in Cleveland the veterans founded the SWAP. Its first president was Teofil Starzyński, an outstanding activist with the Polish Falcons. [1]
They designed a uniform that was a mélange of Slavic and revolutionary influences: brown Russian trousers, a Polish revolutionary jacket, a Montenegrin cap, and Garibaldi redshirt. A Sokol flag, red with a white falcon, was designed by the writer Karolína Světlá (and painted by Czech artist Josef Mánes).
ORP Sokół, name of three submarines of the Polish Navy; PZL W-3 Sokół, a Polish helicopter; Sokol design bureau, a Soviet aerospace company; Sokol Eshelon, a Russian laser-based anti-satellite system; Sokół motorcycles, a brand of motorcycles, produced in Poland before World War II Sokół 1000, a Polish pre-war motorcycle
By 1917 there were over 7000 Polish organizations in the United States, with a membership - often overlapping - of about 800,000 people. The most prominent were the Polish Roman Catholic Union founded in 1873, the PNA (1880) and the gymnastic Polish Falcons (1887). Women also established separate organizations.
Scouting was introduced to the Austria-Hungary partition of Poland by Polish writer and publicist Edmund Naganowski, who wrote an article about the organization of Boy Scouts and Boys' Brigades in Słowo Polskie (Lwów, 16 September 1909), among his other articles about English system of education.
Hej, Sokoły (Hey, falcons, Polish: Hej, Sokoły, Ukrainian: Гей, соколи, romanized: Hey, sokoly), properly titled Żal za Ukrainą (Longing for Ukraine) or Na zielonej Ukrainie (In green Ukraine) is a Polish and Ukrainian folk song.