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The formula for degree of unsaturation is: = + where n i is the number of atoms with valence v i. [2] That is, an atom that has a valence of x contributes a total of x − 2 to the degree of unsaturation. The result is then halved and increased by 1.
The "degree of unsaturation" is a formula used to summarize and diagram the amount of hydrogen that a compound can bind. Unsaturation can be determined by NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy, or by determining a compound's bromine number or iodine number. [2]
The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation . Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation.
Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes. In fatty acids, unsaturation occurs mainly as double bonds which are very reactive towards halogens, the iodine in this case. Thus, the higher the iodine value, the more unsaturations are present in the fat. [1]
The relative degree of unsaturation as first described (U K 37) included the tetra unsaturated C 37 alkenone: U K 37 = (C 37:2 - C 37:4)/(C 37:2 + C 37:3 + C 37:4) [8] However, a simplified Unsaturation Index (U K′ 37), generally more useful in marine settings, is based on di- versus tri- unsaturated C 37 alkenones and defined as:
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