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convergence of the geometric series with first term 1 and ratio 1/2; Integer partition; Irrational number. irrationality of log 2 3; irrationality of the square root of 2; Mathematical induction. sum identity; Power rule. differential of x n; Product and Quotient Rules; Derivation of Product and Quotient rules for differentiating. Prime number ...
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares (number theory) Ferrero–Washington theorem (algebraic number theory) Ford's theorem (number theory) Franel–Landau theorem (number theory) Gelfond–Schneider theorem (transcendental number theory) Glaisher's theorem (number theory) Green–Tao theorem (number theory) Gross–Zagier theorem (number theory)
Geometry of numbers is the part of number theory which uses geometry for the study of algebraic numbers. Typically, a ring of algebraic integers is viewed as a lattice in R n , {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n},} and the study of these lattices provides fundamental information on algebraic numbers. [ 1 ]
The following famous example of a nonconstructive proof shows that there exist two irrational numbers a and b such that is a rational number. This proof uses that 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} is irrational (an easy proof is known since Euclid ), but not that 2 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}^{\sqrt {2}}} is irrational (this is true, but the proof ...
For example in elliptical geometry: Given a line and a point not on that line, all lines drawn through that point will intersect the original line. (case 2) And in hyperbolic geometry: Given a line and a point not on that line, an infinite number of lines can be drawn through the point that do not intersect the original line. (case 3)
Conversely, if we can prove that A + B = C for three similar figures without using the Pythagorean theorem, then we can work backwards to construct a proof of the theorem. For example, the starting center triangle can be replicated and used as a triangle C on its hypotenuse, and two similar right triangles (A and B) constructed on the other two ...
Mathematical constructivism asserts that it is necessary to find (or "construct") a specific example of a mathematical object in order to prove that an example exists. Contrastingly, in classical mathematics, one can prove the existence of a mathematical object without "finding" that object explicitly, by assuming its non-existence and then ...
Proof without words of the Nicomachus theorem (Gulley (2010)) that the sum of the first n cubes is the square of the n th triangular number. In mathematics, a proof without words (or visual proof) is an illustration of an identity or mathematical statement which can be demonstrated as self-evident by a diagram without any accompanying explanatory text.