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Refrigerant concentration limit / immediately dangerous to life or health in parts per million (volume per volume) and grams per cubic meter Molecular mass in atomic mass units Normal boiling points for pure substances, bubble and dew points for zeotropic blends, or normal boiling point and azeotropic temperature for the azeotropic blends, at ...
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or CFC-12), the most commonly used Freon brand refrigerant prior to its ban in many countries in 1996 and total ban in 2010. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a or HFC-134a), one of the main replacements for the formerly widespread R-12. Opteon halogenated olefins now replacing Freons in many applications.
Thanks to the low GWP value, it fulfils the requirements of EU regulation 517/2014 on refrigerants for new systems even without the certificate of exemption otherwise necessary. Systems using the refrigerant R-469A up to 3.6 kg filling quantity are exempt from the Leak test in accordance with EU regulation 517/2014.
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (later Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
A frigorific mixture may be used to obtain a liquid medium that has a reproducible temperature below ambient temperature. Such mixtures were used to calibrate thermometers. In chemistry a cooling bath may be used to control the temperature of a strongly exothermic reaction. A frigorific mixture may be used as an alternative to mechanical ...
Cooling Agent Organic Solvent or Inorganic Salt T (°C) Notes Dry ice: p-Xylene +13 [1]Dry ice: p-Dioxane +12 Dry ice: Cyclohexane +6 Dry ice: Benzene +5 Dry ice
Difluoromethane is thus a relatively low-risk choice among HFC refrigerants, most of which have higher GWP and longer persistence when leaks occur. The common refrigerant R-410A is a zeotropic , 50/50-mass-percent mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane ( R-125 ).