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  2. History of metallurgy in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../History_of_metallurgy_in_Africa

    In East Africa, the rise of the Swahili Coast trading states facilitated the exchange of iron goods and metallurgical knowledge with the broader Indian Ocean world. [11] The Great Lakes region, particularly in modern-day Uganda and Rwanda, became known for its high-quality iron production, which supported both local agriculture and regional trade.

  3. Iron metallurgy in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa

    Iron metallurgy in Africa concerns the origin and development of ferrous metallurgy on the African continent.Whereas the development of iron metallurgy in North Africa and the Horn closely mirrors that of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region, the three-age system is ill-suited to Sub-Saharan Africa, where copper metallurgy generally does not precede iron working. [1]

  4. Clothes iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothes_iron

    A clothes iron (also flatiron, smoothing iron, dry iron, steam iron or simply iron) is a small appliance that, when heated, is used to press clothes to remove wrinkles and unwanted creases. Domestic irons generally range in operating temperature from between 121 °C (250 °F) to 182 °C (360 °F).

  5. South African Historical Journal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Historical...

    The South African Historical Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the Southern African region. It was established in 1969 and is published on behalf of the South African Historical Society by the University of South Africa and published internationally by Taylor & Francis. [1] [2]

  6. Bloomery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomery

    A bloomery is a type of metallurgical furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides. The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron. Bloomeries produce a porous mass of iron and slag called a bloom. The mix of slag and iron in the bloom, termed sponge iron, is usually consolidated and further forged into ...

  7. Ironing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironing

    Ironing a shirt. Ironing is the use of an iron, usually heated, to remove wrinkles and unwanted creases from fabric. [1] The heating is commonly done to a temperature of 180–220 °C (360–430 °F), depending on the fabric. [2] Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibres of the material. While ...

  8. List of earliest tools - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earliest_tools

    South Asia Stone tools Controversial - the tools were found in a "secondary context" [39] Aïn al Fil [40] 1.8 El Kowm, Syria West Asia Stone tools Dmanisi [41] 1.8 Dmanisi, Georgia West Asia H. erectus (associated) Hominin remains, stone tools, butchery Swartkrans [42] 1.8 South Africa Southern Africa Homo, P. robustus (associated)

  9. African historiography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Historiography

    African historiography is a branch of historiography concerning the African continent, its peoples, nations and variety of written and non-written histories.It has differentiated itself from other continental areas of historiography due to its multidisciplinary nature, as Africa's unique and varied methods of recording history have resulted in a lack of an established set of historical works ...