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For example, if the static compression ratio is 10:1, and the dynamic compression ratio is 7.5:1, a useful value for cylinder pressure would be 7.5 1.3 × atmospheric pressure, or 13.7 bar (relative to atmospheric pressure). The two corrections for dynamic compression ratio affect cylinder pressure in opposite directions, but not in equal strength.
The engine pressure ratio (EPR) is the total pressure ratio across a jet engine, measured as the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the propelling nozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. [1] Jet engines use either EPR or compressor/fan RPM as an indicator of thrust. [2]
The engine can produce any compression ratio from 8:1 to 14:1. The highest torque is achieved at 8:1, giving high acceleration, while the best gas mileage (fuel efficiency) is achieved at 14:1. The electronic engine controller responds to the pressure on the gas pedal, in real-time, altering the compression ratio seamlessly.
The Pratt & Whitney TF30 used on the F-111 had a pressure ratio of about 20:1, while newer engines like the General Electric F110 and Pratt & Whitney F135 have improved this to about 30:1. An additional concern is weight. A higher compression ratio implies a heavier engine, which in turn costs fuel to carry around.
There are several differences, but the main one in practice is that compression ratio is applied to piston engines, pressure ratio to gas turbines. Compression ratio is the cause of the compression, pressure ratio is the result of this compression and increase in pressure. Compression ratio can be calculated easily from the engine's geometry.
The engine may be two-or four-stroke and may be run on diesel fuel, gases, or dual fuel. [1] It uses a supercharger or a turbocharger to offset the performance loss of the Atkinson cycle. This type of engine was first used in ships and stationary power-generating plants, and is now used for some railway locomotives such as the GE PowerHaul.
The engine compression is higher as the lack of heat makes ignition more difficult. Low temperatures cause engine oil to become more viscous, making it more difficult to circulate the oil. Air becomes more dense the cooler it is. This affects the air-fuel ratio, which in turn affects the flammability of the mixture.
The most common kind of small engine compression release uses a camshaft mounted mechanical lever that pushes the exhaust valve tappet slightly, venting engine compression through the exhaust valve. Once the engine spins to starting speed, centrifugal force causes the lever to move out of the way, and the exhaust valve is allowed to seat fully.