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The first list shows number of neurons in their entire nervous system. The second list shows the number of neurons in the structure that has been found to be representative of animal intelligence. [1] The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [2] [1]
Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed in different parts of the nervous system, there is a wide variety in their shape, size, and electrochemical properties. For instance, the soma of a neuron can vary from 4 to 100 micrometers in diameter. [7]
They can only function in collaboration with other neurons and interneurons in a neural circuit. [1] There are an estimated 100 billion neurons in the human brain. [1] Neurons are polarised cells that are specialised for the conduction of action potentials also called nerve impulses. [1] They can also synthesise membrane and protein.
The brain comprises almost 100 billion neurons and even more non-neuronal cells. These all are organized in the hundreds of distinct brain structures that govern a spectrum of functions.
The adult human brain is estimated to contain 86±8 billion neurons, with a roughly equal number (85±10 billion) of non-neuronal cells. [41] Out of these neurons, 16 billion (19%) are located in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion (80%) are in the cerebellum. [3] [41]
Elephants have a higher number of total neurons (257 billion) [61] compared to humans (100 billion). [62] [63] Relative brain size, overall mass, and total number of neurons are only a few metrics that help scientists follow the evolutionary trend of increased brain to body ratio through the hominin phylogeny.
So, with some 85 billion neurons in the brain capable of gathering data about our environment at a rate of one billion bits per second, why is the speed of thought so comparatively slow?
Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain. [8] In humans, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, [1] and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. [2] Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.
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