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  2. X-ray reflectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_reflectivity

    X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.

  3. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

  4. X-ray scattering techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_scattering_techniques

    X-ray reflectivity is an analytical technique for determining thickness, roughness, and density of single layer and multilayer thin films. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), a technique concentrating on scattering angles 2θ larger than 5°. Spectrum of various inelastic scattering processes that can be probed with inelastic X-ray scattering ...

  5. Reflectometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectometry

    X-ray reflectometry: is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers. Propagation of electric pulses and reflection at discontinuities in cables is used in time domain reflectometry (TDR) to detect and localize defects in electric wiring.

  6. Transfer-matrix method (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method...

    motofit is a program for analysing neutron and X-ray reflectometry data. OpenFilters is a program for designing optical filters. Py_matrix is an open source Python code that implements the transfer-matrix method for multilayers with arbitrary dielectric tensors. It was especially created for plasmonic and magnetoplasmonic calculations.

  7. X-ray spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy

    Reflectivity of X-rays is low, regardless of the used material and therefore, grazing incidence upon the grating is necessary. X-ray beams impinging on a smooth surface at a few degrees glancing angle of incidence undergo external total reflection which is taken advantage of to enhance the instrumental efficiency substantially.

  8. NVIDIA Ray Tracing Explained in Time for New Driver and Demos

    www.aol.com/news/nvidia-ray-tracing-explained...

    The explainer video, above, is an in-depth, but still accessible look at what ray tracing technology means for games. Basically, this technology renders illumination, […] NVIDIA Ray Tracing ...

  9. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle-resolved...

    Modern analyzers have slits as narrow as 0.05 mm. The energy–angle–angle maps are usually further processed to give energy–k x –k y maps, and sliced in such a way to display constant energy surfaces in the band structure and, most importantly, the Fermi surface map when they are cut near the Fermi level.