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Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number of 25. It is found as the free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. The free element is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses. Manganese ions are variously colored, and are used industrially as pigments and as
Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent; as a rubber additive; and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide. Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems.
Most of these commodities were still being produced in 2005, although in lesser quantities. The country had been a major producer of high-grade manganese ore for about a century, although ore reserves were being depleted. Part of the manganese was used within Georgia for ferroalloy production. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the ...
Pages in category "Manganese mines in the United States" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Sources of manganese ore generally also contain iron oxides. As manganese has a more negative free energy of oxidation than iron, i.e. is chemically harder to reduce (as shown graphically in the Ellingham diagram), during the reduction of manganese ore, iron is also reduced and mixed with the manganese in the melt.
Historically, this was the standard form in which manganese was traded and used in steel making. Manganese is useful in steel manufacture because it binds with phosphorus, sulfur, and silica, removing them (to a degree) from the iron. It was much used in conjunction with the Bessemer process both to introduce carbon and manganese, and also to ...
Pyrolusite is extensively used for the manufacture of spiegeleisen and ferromanganese and of various alloys such as manganese-bronze. As an oxidizing agent it is used in the preparation of chlorine ; indeed, chlorine gas itself was first described by Karl Scheele in 1774 from the reaction products of pyrolusite and hydrochloric acid .
Manganese(IV) oxide is a blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO 2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc–carbon battery. [6] Manganese(VII) oxide is dark green in its crystalline form.