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The RSA problem is defined as the task of taking e th roots modulo a composite n: recovering a value m such that c ≡ m e (mod n), where (n, e) is an RSA public key, and c is an RSA ciphertext. Currently the most promising approach to solving the RSA problem is to factor the modulus n.
PKCS #8 is one of the family of standards called Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) created by RSA Laboratories. The latest version, 1.2, is available as RFC 5208. [1] The PKCS #8 private key may be encrypted with a passphrase using one of the PKCS #5 standards defined in RFC 2898, [2] which supports multiple encryption schemes.
PKCS #7 files may be stored both as raw DER format or as PEM format. PEM format is the same as DER format but wrapped inside Base64 encoding and sandwiched in between ‑‑‑‑‑BEGIN PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑ and ‑‑‑‑‑END PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑. Windows uses the .p7b file name extension [6] for both these encodings.
The PKCS #1 standard defines the mathematical definitions and properties that RSA public and private keys must have. The traditional key pair is based on a modulus, n , that is the product of two distinct large prime numbers , p and q , such that n = p q {\displaystyle n=pq} .
In cryptography, PKCS #11 is a Public-Key Cryptography Standards that defines a C programming interface to create and manipulate cryptographic tokens that may contain secret cryptographic keys. It is often used to communicate with a Hardware Security Module or smart cards .
In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
In cryptography, PKCS (Public Key Cryptography Standards) are a group of public-key cryptography standards devised and published by RSA Security LLC, starting in the early 1990s. The company published the standards to promote the use of the cryptography techniques for which they had patents , such as the RSA algorithm , the Schnorr signature ...
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----0 key pem PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#1 RSA private key 50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 32 3A: PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: 0 ppk PuTTY private key file version 2 50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 33 3A: PuTTY-User-Key-File-3: 0 ppk PuTTY private key file version 3