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It is characterized by the following symptoms: deep and rapid breathing, tiredness or weakness, nausea, vomiting, abnormal muscle pain, dizziness or drowsiness; Serious liver problems, such as hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and steatosis (fatty liver).
Tenofovir disoproxil is a pro-drug form of tenofovir phosphonate, which is liberated intracellularly and converted to tenofovir disphophate. [32] It is marketed by Gilead Sciences (as the fumarate, abbreviated TDF). [33] Tenofovir disoproxil is also available in pills which combine a number of antiviral drugs into a single dose.
Patients are advised to discuss any history of bone issues, kidney issues, or hepatitis B infection with their healthcare provider. [19] Effectiveness of PrEP for prevention of infection is reliant on an individual's ability to take the medication consistently. [20] Emtricitabine/tenofovir is also used for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. People ...
Recommended dosage for efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir is one tablet at or before bedtime. Side effects can be reduced if it is taken on an empty stomach. People with kidney or liver problems can take one tablet by mouth once a day. However, people whose CrCl levels are less than 50ml/min should not follow this dosage.
There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) refers to kidney disease developing in association with infection by human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.The most common, or "classical", type of HIV-associated nephropathy is a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), though other forms of kidney disease may also occur. [1]
Underlying hepatitis B virus (HBV) can interact with emtricitabine to cause significant liver damage, but it does not have a significant detrimental effect on the liver when given to patients without HBV. [18] Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a prodrug of tenofovir that functions as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI). Other ...
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4] In some countries it is available as a generic medication. [5] It is tentatively approved in the United States as of 2019, full approval is pending expiration of the US patents on dolutegravir (Tivicay) and tenofovir disoproxil (Viread). [6] [7]