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Serious side effects may include high blood lactate levels and enlargement of the liver. [7] Use of this medication during pregnancy does not appear to harm the fetus, but this has not been well studied. [1] Emtricitabine/tenofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004. [5]
The most commonly reported side effects due to use of tenofovir disoproxil were dizziness, nausea, and diarrhea. [13] Other adverse effects include depression, sleep disturbances, headache, itching, rash, and fever. The US boxed warning cautions potential onset of lactic acidosis or liver damage due to use of tenofovir disoproxil. [14]
More severe side effects are hallucinations, sleeplessness and depression. [12] Recommended dosage for efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir is one tablet at or before bedtime. Side effects can be reduced if it is taken on an empty stomach. People with kidney or liver problems can take one tablet by mouth once a day.
Lactic acidosis (excess lactic acid in blood) is a rare and potentially fatal side effect. It is characterized by the following symptoms: deep and rapid breathing, tiredness or weakness, nausea, vomiting, abnormal muscle pain, dizziness or drowsiness; Serious liver problems, such as hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and steatosis (fatty liver).
Side effects can include joint pain, sleepiness, headaches, depression, trouble sleeping, and itchiness. [3] Severe side effects may include depression, psychosis, or osteonecrosis. [3] In those with a history of epilepsy, it may increase the frequency of seizures. [3] Greater care should also be taken in those with kidney problems. [3]
It is a combination of dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil. [1] As of 2019, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first line treatment for adults, with tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz as an alternative. [2] It is taken by mouth. [3] Side effects may include trouble sleeping, weight gain, and rash.
Underlying hepatitis B virus (HBV) can interact with emtricitabine to cause significant liver damage, but it does not have a significant detrimental effect on the liver when given to patients without HBV. [18] Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a prodrug of tenofovir that functions as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI). Other ...
Tablets of Truvada, a tenofovir/emtricitabine combination used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention, commonly known as PrEP, is the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS by people that do not yet have HIV/AIDS. [1]