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The Nile was also an important part of ancient Egyptian spiritual life. In the Ancient Egyptian religion, Hapi was the god of the Nile and the annual flooding of it. Both he and the pharaoh were thought to control the flooding. The annual flooding of the Nile occasionally was said to be the Arrival of Hapi. [3]
The Nile flood at Cairo c. 1830.. Current understanding of the earliest development of the Egyptian calendar remains speculative. A tablet from the reign of the First Dynasty pharaoh Djer (c. 3000 BC) was once thought to indicate that the Egyptians had already established a link between the heliacal rising of Sirius (Ancient Egyptian: Spdt or Sopdet, "Triangle"; Ancient Greek: Σῶθις ...
Map of Nile tributaries in modern Sudan, showing the Yellow Nile The Nile represented in an ancient Roman mosaic found from the ruins of Pompeii. The Yellow Nile is a former tributary that connected the Ouaddaï highlands of eastern Chad to the Nile River Valley c. 8000 to c. 1000 BCE. [49] Its remains are known as the Wadi Howar.
Because the precise timing of the flood varied, the months of "Inundation" no longer precisely reflected the state of the river but the season was usually the time of the annual flooding. [10] This event was vital to the people because the waters left behind fertile silt and moisture, which were the source of the land's fertility.
Treaties have resulted in inequitable rights to the use of Nile water between the countries of the Nile Basin. April 15, 1891 – Article III of the Anglo-Italian Protocol. Article III states that "the Italian government engages not to construct on the Atbara River, in view of irrigation, any work which might sensibly modify its flow into the ...
A nilometer is a structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level during the annual flood season in Egypt. [1] There were three main types of nilometers, calibrated in Egyptian cubits: (1) a vertical column, (2) a corridor stairway of steps leading down to the Nile, and (3) a deep well with a culvert. [1]
The Aswan Dam, or Aswan High Dam, is one of the world's largest embankment dams, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970.When it was completed, it was the tallest earthen dam in the world, surpassing the Chatuge Dam in the United States. [2]
Ancient branches of the Nile, showing Wadi Tumilat, and the lakes east of the Delta. People have lived in the Nile Delta region for thousands of years, and it has been intensively farmed for at least the last five thousand years. The delta was a major constituent of Lower Egypt, and there are many archaeological sites in and around the delta. [5]