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The westerlies, anti-trades, [2] or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes (about 30 degrees) and trend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner. [ 3 ]
The Coriolis parameter typically has a mid-latitude value of about 10 −4 s −1; hence for a typical atmospheric speed of 10 m/s (22 mph), the radius is 100 km (62 mi) with a period of about 17 hours. For an ocean current with a typical speed of 10 cm/s (0.22 mph), the radius of an inertial circle is 1 km (0.6 mi).
The term originally derives from the early fourteenth century sense of trade (in late Middle English) still often meaning "path" or "track". [2] The Portuguese recognized the importance of the trade winds (then the volta do mar, meaning in Portuguese "turn of the sea" but also "return from the sea") in navigation in both the north and south Atlantic Ocean as early as the 15th century. [3]
Ekman transport is the net motion of fluid as the result of a balance between Coriolis and turbulent drag forces. In the picture above, the wind blowing North in the northern hemisphere creates a surface stress and a resulting Ekman spiral is found below it in the water column.
A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, [1] [2] which extends as east as up to northern parts of Bangladesh and South eastern Nepal. [3] It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies.
A 12 m (39 ft) wave in the usual "linear" model would have a breaking force of 6 metric tons per square metre [t/m 2] (8.5 psi). Although modern ships are typically designed to tolerate a breaking wave of 15 t/m 2 , a rogue wave can dwarf both of these figures with a breaking force far exceeding 100 t/m 2 . [ 117 ]
A Red Ball Express truck gets stuck in the mud during World War II, 1944. 1971 AM General M35A2 with winch and camouflage cargo cover. The 2 + 1 ⁄ 2-ton, 6×6 truck was a standard class of medium duty trucks, designed at the beginning of World War II for the US Armed Forces, in service for over half a century, from 1940 into the 1990s.
540 m or 1,770 ft (100 m or 330 ft) The Kasta 2E (NATO: Flat Face E, alternative name Casta 2E) is a modern Russian radar system. The development of the Kasta 2E surveillance radars was initiated in the former Soviet Union .