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Native-language identification (NLI) is the task of determining an author's native language (L1) based only on their writings in a second language (L2). [1] NLI works through identifying language-usage patterns that are common to specific L1 groups and then applying this knowledge to predict the native language of previously unseen texts.
The figures from the W3Techs study are based on the one million most visited websites (i.e., approximately 0.27 percent of all websites according to December 2011 figures) as ranked by Alexa.com, and language is identified using only the home page of the sites in most cases (e.g., all of Wikipedia is based on the language detection of http ...
Another technique, as described by Cavnar and Trenkle (1994) and Dunning (1994) is to create a language n-gram model from a "training text" for each of the languages. These models can be based on characters (Cavnar and Trenkle) or encoded bytes (Dunning); in the latter, language identification and character encoding detection are integrated ...
Accented letters: â ç è é ê î ô û, rarely ë ï ; ù only in the word où, à only at the ends of a few words (including à).Never á í ì ó ò ú.; Angle quotation marks: « » (though "curly-Q" quotation marks are also used); dialogue traditionally indicated by means of dashes.
Artificial intelligence detection software aims to determine whether some content (text, image, video or audio) was generated using artificial intelligence (AI). However, the reliability of such software is a topic of debate, [ 1 ] and there are concerns about the potential misapplication of AI detection software by educators.
Automatic visual speech recognition from video has been quite successful in distinguishing different languages (from a corpus of spoken language data). [66] Demonstration models, using machine-learning algorithms, have had some success in lipreading speech elements, such as specific words, from video [ 67 ] and for identifying hard-to-lipread ...
Some applications have many more language pairs than those listed below. This is a general comparison of key languages only. A full and accurate list of language pairs supported by each product should be found on each of the product's websites.
Google Translate previously first translated the source language into English and then translated the English into the target language rather than translating directly from one language to another. [11] A July 2019 study in Annals of Internal Medicine found that "Google Translate is a viable, accurate tool for translating non–English-language ...