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The rule of law is enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union as one of the common values for all Member States. Under the rule of law, all public powers always act within the constraints set out by law, in accordance with the values of democracy and fundamental rights, and under the control of independent and impartial courts.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Pages in category "Common law rules" ... out of 27 total.
Today, Indonesia's legal system is based on Dutch Colonial Law, Adat Law and National Law. [3] [4] After Indonesia gained independence in August 1945, it adopted the Dutch HIR as its code of criminal procedure. In 1981, Indonesia replaced HIR with the KUHAP. The KUHAP improved upon the HIR by adding adversarial features to the criminal procedure.
(2) The power of the state serves all citizens and can be only applied in cases, under limitations and through uses specified by a law. (3) Every citizen can do anything that is not forbidden by the law, and no one can be forced to do anything that is not required by a law. The same principles are reiterated in the Czech Bill of Rights, Article 2.
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law. Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [ 1 ]
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The solution adopted in many countries is to organize existing statutory law in topical arrangements (or "codified") within publications called codes, then ensure that new statutes are consistently drafted so that they add, amend, repeal or move various code sections. In turn, in theory, the code will thenceforth reflect the current cumulative ...
The highest law of the land is the 1945 Constitution, amended four times from 1999 to 2002 during the early Reformasi period. Under the current rules on Indonesian lawmaking, the type of laws enacted by the government are hierarchically structured as: The 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945)