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The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries. [1] [2] Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group (ethnic, religious, or whatever the criterion is).
The traditional focus between common law culture and civil law culture has been highlighted by court room procedure, whereby the former nurtures an adversarial environment and the latter an inquisitorial one. Indeed no system of court procedure can ever be purely adversarial or purely inquisitorial.
Business law consists of many different areas of law, including: contracts, the law of corporations and other business organizations, securities law, intellectual property, antitrust, secured transactions, commercial paper, income tax, pensions and benefits, trusts and estates, immigration law, labor law, employment law, and bankruptcy. It is a ...
The cultural exemption is a concept that originated in international economic law and more specifically in bilateral and regional free trade agreements. The cultural exemption takes the form of a clause that has the effect of excluding from its scope cultural goods and services that would otherwise be covered by the commitments arising from the agreement in question. [1]
The purpose of Cultural exception is to treat cultural goods and services differently from other traded goods and services because of the intrinsic differences of such goods and services. Many countries defended the fact that cultural goods and services "encompass values, identity and meanings that go beyond their strictly commercial value". [3]
The enforcement of protecting cultural rights is challenged by the lack of a concrete definition for culture, making it difficult for international bodies such as the Human Rights Committee to impose legal obligations on member states. [13] Culture is a collective experience of social forces, including social activities, beliefs, and issues.
Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, [1] [2] listed as one of its main characteristics, [3] and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity [4] through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only physical objects but customs, ideas and values. [3]
Free Culture covers the themes of piracy and property. Lessig writes at the end of the preface, "... the free culture that I defend in this book is a balance between anarchy and control. A free culture, like a free market, is filled with property. It is filled with rules of property and contract that get enforced by the state.