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On 26 January 2021, Reform Party leader Kaja Kallas became Estonia's first female prime minister, making Estonia the only country in the world to currently be led by both a female President and Prime Minister. [56] The new government was a two-party coalition between country's two biggest political parties Reform Party and Centre Party. [57]
Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000,000–11,000,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BC.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at its largest territorial extent, with southern Estonia part of it. During the 16th century, the expansionist monarchies of Muscovy, Sweden, and Poland–Lithuania consolidated power, posing a growing threat to decentralised Livonia weakened by disputes between cities, nobility, bishops, and the Order.
Politics in Estonia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the Estonian parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government, which is led by the prime minister.
The Soviets, whose sphere of influence was directly threatened, worked to thwart the Intermarium agenda. [18] The Allied Powers assumed that Bolshevism was only a temporary threat and did not want to see their important (from the balance-of-power viewpoint) traditional ally, Russia, weakened.
The influence of Bolshevik ideology, particularly among Russian soldiers and sailors stationed in Estonia, allowed them to consolidate power in Tallinn, presenting a serious challenge to Estonian nationalist movements. [23] The Petrograd coup and subsequent events in Estonia prompted urgent discussions among Estonian nationalist leaders.
Russian Provisional Government granted Estonia its autonomy. [1] 1917: 8 April: 40,000 Estonians are demonstrating in Petrograd. Their main slogan is that divided Estonia (two governorates) should be merged to Province of Estonia. [3] 1918: 24 February: Estonian Declaration of Independence: 3 March: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Bolshevist Russia ...
Estonia's greatest territorial extent ever, reached during its War of Independence, marked by the light blue line on the map. (from History of Estonia ) Image 29 The Estonian Army High Command in 1920 (from History of Estonia )