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Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological (normal) response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. [5] However, hyperplasia can also occur as a pathological response, if an excess of hormone or growth factor is responsible for the stimuli.
Follicular hyperplasia (FH) is a type of lymphoid hyperplasia and is classified as a lymphadenopathy, which means a disease of the lymph nodes.It is caused by a stimulation of the B cell compartment and by abnormal cell growth of secondary follicles.
A prominent example of metaplasia involves the changes associated with the respiratory tract in response to inhalation of irritants, such as smog or smoke. The bronchial cells convert from mucus-secreting, ciliated, columnar epithelium to non-ciliated, squamous epithelium incapable of secreting mucus. These transformed cells may become ...
The cause is usually pressure from the flange of a denture which causes chronic irritation and a hyperplastic response in the soft tissues. [6] Women during pregnancy can also present with an epulis, which will resolve after birth. Fibroepithelial polyps, pedunculated lesions of the palate beneath an upper denture, are associated with this ...
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. [1] Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control. [1]
Focal nodular hyperplasia is not a neoplasm; it is believed to result from localized hyperplastic hepatocyte response to an underlying congenital arteriovenous malformation. [2] It consists of normal liver constituents in an abnormally organized pattern, grows in a stellate pattern and may display central necrosis when large. [ 5 ]
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is an inherited form of atrophic gastritis characterized by an immune response directed toward parietal cells and intrinsic factor. [ 6 ] Achlorhydria induces G cell (gastrin-producing) hyperplasia, which leads to hypergastrinemia.
Rectoanal inhibitory reflex - a transient relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to rectal distention. Rooting reflex — turning of an infant's head toward anything that strokes the cheek or mouth. Righting reflex - a proprioceptive reflex; Shivering — shaking of the body in response to early hypothermia in warm-blooded animals.