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One ancient view of the origin of life, from Aristotle until the 19th century, is of spontaneous generation. [19] This theory held that "lower" animals such as insects were generated by decaying organic substances, and that life arose by chance. [20] [21] This was questioned from the 17th century, in works like Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia ...
Bernal called this idea biopoiesis or biopoesis, the process of living matter evolving from self-replicating but non-living molecules, [17] [31] and proposed that biopoiesis passes through a number of intermediate stages. Robert Shapiro has summarized the "primordial soup" theory of Oparin and Haldane in its "mature form" as follows: [32]
One partner of this symbiosis is proposed to be a bacterial cell, and the other an archaeal cell. It is postulated that this symbiotic partnership progressed via the cellular fusion of the partners to generate a chimeric or hybrid cell with a membrane bound internal structure that was the forerunner of the nucleus.
In accordance with his fundamental theory of hylomorphism, which held that every physical entity was a compound of matter and form, Aristotle's basic theory of sexual reproduction contended that the male's seed imposed form, the set of characteristics passed down to offspring on the "matter" (menstrual blood) supplied by the female.
The theory of spontaneous generation was proposed by Aristotle, [57] who compiled and expanded the work of prior natural philosophers and the various ancient explanations of the appearance of organisms; it was considered the best explanation for two millennia.
A scenario is a set of related concepts pertinent to the origin of life (abiogenesis), such as the iron-sulfur world. Many alternative abiogenesis scenarios have been proposed by scientists in a variety of fields from the 1950s onwards in an attempt to explain how the complex mechanisms of life could have come into existence. These include ...
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? We explain the commonly circulated concept with some examples of how it translates in the real world.
Although abiogenesis is the more accepted theory, a number of authors reclaimed the term "panspermia" and proposed that life was brought to Earth from elsewhere. [127] Some of those authors are Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1834), [ 142 ] Kelvin (1871), [ 143 ] Hermann von Helmholtz (1879) [ 144 ] and, somewhat later, by Svante Arrhenius (1903).